![]() To confirm the diagnosis, a small tissue sample is taken from the breast and examined under a microscope. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)Ītypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) means that the cells lining the milk ducts are growing in an unusual way. Some increased risk still remains even when the area of DCIS has been removed, so you will need regular care after your treatment. In most cases DCIS is completely curable. The DCIS areas in the breast need to be surgically removed. This means you are at high risk of developing an invasive breast cancer - one that spreads through the breast tissue - if the DCIS isn’t treated. In DCIS, the cells lining the milk ducts have turned cancerous. Microcalcifications can flag the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). You may need further x-rays or other tests. Sometimes calcification can indicate early breast cancer. Some of the causes include normal ageing or benign (non-cancerous) cysts. Most microcalcifications are of no concern. These tiny spots can be scattered throughout the breast tissue or clustered together. Microcalcifications are spots of calcium salts which show on a breast x-ray (mammogram) as white spots. In some cases, the tissue sample can be removed with a needle instead of during an operation. A small tissue sample needs to be taken because some radial scars contain small cancers or show pre-cancer changes. No one knows why radial scars form, but they are thought to be benign (non-cancerous) changes caused by normal ageing. This is a star-shaped abnormality in the breast tissue. A general anaesthetic is usually required. The operation to remove a fibroadenoma is relatively simple. ![]() Most often, younger women or those with smaller fibroadenomas will not have them taken out. Women have a choice about whether to have their fibroadenoma removed, but if it is monitored and continues to enlarge, it should be removed. ![]() Fibroadenomas are more common in younger women and may become tender in the days before a period or grow bigger during pregnancy. We do not know the cause of fibroadenomas however, they are not cancer and rarely change into breast cancer. The term ‘breast mouse’ is also used to refer to a fibroadenoma. FibroadenomasĪ fibroadenoma is a smooth, firm breast lump made up of fibrous and glandular tissue. ![]() This is done by inserting a fine needle into the cyst to draw out the fluid, and is usually a simple and fairly painless procedure. Some women first detect their cyst as a painful lump and they may decide to have it drained if it is painful or troublesome. Many women have a cyst or a number of cysts without knowing it, and they do not usually require treatment. These changes can be seen on an ultrasound or found after a cyst is aspirated or drained. However, in rare cases, cysts may have a cancer growing within them or close to them. Simple cysts are not cancer and do not change into cancer. Although we don’t know why some women are more susceptible to breast cysts than others, we do know they are common in women aged 35 to 50 and in women who are taking hormone replacement therapy. Fluid is produced and absorbed by the breast as part of the usual cycle of hormonal breast changes. It may be useful to keep a record of breast changes prior to menstruating over a couple of months to see whether there is any pattern to the changes. However, treatments are available for hormonal breast pain from the doctor, if needed. Hormonal changes may cause women to have swollen, painful or tender breasts at different times in their cycle these are not a sign of breast cancer and usually do not require treatment. Women who have been through menopause and are not taking hormone replacement therapy, or who have had their ovaries removed, no longer have breast changes due to hormonal activity. Hormones produced by glands in the body make a woman’s breast feel different at various times during her menstrual cycle. Others aren’t cancerous themselves, but might indicate an increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future. Some of these conditions are harmless and don’t need any treatment. Remember, you should always see your doctor if you notice any changes in your breasts.īreast x-rays or mammograms often pick up conditions other than breast cancer. If a woman finds a lump or other change in her breast or nipple it may be caused by one of the conditions described below. The vast majority of breast changes are not breast cancer.
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